The Arab-Islamic “Emergency Summit” convened in Qatar on September 15, 2025, following Israel’s strike against Hamas leadership in Doha, once again underscored the internal divisions and rivalries among participating states. At the same time, it highlighted that for several of them, advancing normalization with Israel remains a key priority—even in the immediate aftermath of the Israeli operation in Doha, and maybe because of it.

A notable paradox was Iran’s participation in the summit, despite its attack on American bases in Qatar and Iraq on June 23, 2025. Iran’s president was received cordially, condemned Israel for the strike, and accused it of violating international law.

Although the summit produced strong condemnations of Israel, participants were unable to agree on any concrete measures—such as revisiting the Abraham Accords or considering their expansion to additional states.

These challenges reflect the broader fragmentation of the Arab-Islamic world. The summit brought together countries such as Qatar and Turkey, aligned with the Muslim Brotherhood, alongside Saudi Arabia, the Gulf states, Jordan, and Egypt, which strongly oppose the Brotherhood’s ideology. Iran’s presence added another layer of complexity, given its pursuit of regional influence and a nuclear program, which most states in the region view with concern, as…